Kyoto Protocol (2005)

Principle of Common But Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR)

• Recognizes different capabilities and responsibilities of individual countries in addressing climate change.

Country Classification Under Kyoto Protocol

Annex

1. Annex I
   • Includes developed countries and economies in transition (EITs).
   • Obligation:
     • Binding commitment to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
2. Annex II
   • Subset of Annex I countries (developed OECD members excluding EITs).
   • Obligation:
     • Financial and technological assistance to:
       • EITs: Technological help.
       • Non-Annex countries: Both financial and technological support.

Non-Annex

• Countries without binding emission reduction targets.
• Includes:
  • Developing countries
  • Least Developed Countries (LDCs)
  • Small Island Developing States (SIDS)

This structure ensures equity by assigning greater responsibility to developed nations while supporting vulnerable and developing countries.

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